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Subject guide

What is computer science: why study it and job prospects

Last updated: 2 September 2025

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As technology evolves, the need for capable computer scientists grows with it. In this subject guide, we’ll look at the world of computer science, the qualifications and technical skills you need to succeed, and where a career in this fast-moving field might take you.

What is computer science?

Computer science focuses on computer systems, how they process data, and how they can be applied to solve real-world problems. It involves various disciplines, from programming and algorithm design to data structures and artificial intelligence (AI). Whether it’s analysing complex datasets or coding the next generation of intelligent systems, computer scientists push the boundaries of technology.

What makes computer science so fascinating is how far it reaches. It’s not just for tech companies or startups. It’s part of industries like gaming, where designers build virtual worlds. It's used in the film industry, where algorithms push the limits of what we see on screen. Even in finance, computer programmers use mathematical models to predict market trends. Wherever you look, computer scientists are behind some of today's biggest innovations.

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How to become a computer scientist?

Becoming a computer scientist involves a blend of academic qualifications, hands-on experience, and continuous learning. The path typically starts with formal education, but also requires developing specific skills to meet industry advancements.

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    Study a degree in computer science

    Most computer scientists study a degree in computer science or a related field. And at Walbrook, we offer master’s degrees that let you specialise in the area that matches your career goals — including artificial intelligence, cyber security, or data science.

    For those ready to expand their expertise, master's degrees in computer science at Walbrook focus on practical, career-ready skills, including software engineering, cloud computing, machine learning, AI, and modern database systems.

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    Get certified

    Certifications in cloud computing, cyber security or SQL can give you a competitive edge in the tech world.

    While a degree offers a comprehensive foundation, certifications can complement your learning by focusing on specialised skills and providing practical insights into computer systems.

    Resources like Coursera, LinkedIn Learning and Udemy offer a range of computer science activities you can do in your spare time.

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    Build experience

    Internships, part-time jobs, or freelancing provide invaluable opportunities to apply your skills in practical settings. Hackathons, coding bootcamps, and contributing to open-source projects can also boost your portfolio and showcase any other skills you have.
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    Network and stay current

    Engaging with tech communities and following computer science research are great ways to remain connected to the latest trends. Stay ahead of the curve with tech creators on social platforms and look for local tech events that might open doors to potential employers.

Computer science basics

Mastering essential skills is key to excelling as a computer scientist. From coding in popular languages like Python and Java to understanding computer systems, the following things form the foundation of computational systems.

  • Programming languages

    Writing code is a fundamental part of being a computer scientist. Languages like Python, Java, and C++ allow you to create scripts that solve problems, automate tasks, and build applications. Whether you're developing user-friendly applications or designing a website, programming is at the heart of modern computing.

  • Algorithms and data

    Database systems rely on fast, efficient software to process vast data. By mastering algorithms and search techniques, along with data structures like arrays, trees, and graphs, you can design solutions for diverse tech challenges, from real-time search engines to AI applications.

  • Operating systems

    Operating systems are the core component of any computing environment. From Windows to Linux, you’ll master how systems manage resources, processes, and memory. This includes database administration, process scheduling, and ensuring seamless interaction between hardware and software.

  • Software engineering

    Tackle the design, testing, and maintenance of complex software systems that power everything from apps to enterprise solutions. As a software engineer, you'll apply technical skills and creative problem-solving to build efficient solutions that meet industry demands.

How computer science compares with other tech disciplines

Computer science vs software engineering

Computer science and software engineering overlap somewhat, but each has distinct focuses. Computer scientists explore theoretical concepts – algorithms, data structures, and artificial intelligence – and apply them to specific challenges. On the other hand, software engineers take a systematic approach to designing, building, and maintaining functional software.

Computer science may be your path if you’re curious about the theory and practical application of tech. But if you thrive on bringing new software to life and seeing projects through to completion, software engineering is where you’ll excel.

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Computer science vs computer engineering

Computer engineering merges electrical engineering with tech development at the intersection of hardware and software. Computer engineers design circuits, microprocessors, and embedded systems that allow computers to function.

While computer scientists focus on coding and software solutions, engineers handle the hardware-software integration to turn those ideas into practical systems. They ensure the physical devices, from processors to embedded systems, perform as expected.

 

IT vs computer science

Information technology (IT) focuses on implementing and maintaining computers in organisational settings. IT professionals often manage networks, databases, and systems to keep operations running smoothly.

In contrast, computer scientists build systems from the ground up, using coding and algorithms and developing software for bespoke technical challenges.

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Computer science career options

According to Robert Half's Employment Trends in 2024 report, demand for skilled computer science professionals is experiencing considerable growth. Roles in software engineering, AI, machine learning, and data analytics are growing fast because there’s a shortage of people with these skills. Unemployment rates for tech roles are consistently lower than the national average, reflecting a strong industry outlook.

Now's an incredible time to dive into a career that blends creativity with cutting-edge tech. Here are some of the many different career paths available with computer science skills, promising high job satisfaction and earnings.

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  • Computer scientist

    Computer scientists are innovators, shaping the future through algorithms, AI, and advanced problem-solving. From quantum computing to programming with Python and other languages, you'll have the freedom to experiment with cutting-edge computers, whether you’re in academic or corporate settings.

  • Software engineer

    Software engineers bring ideas to life by building and maintaining the digital systems that power industries. Whether designing applications or creating software for fintech, gaming, or healthcare, you’ll use programming languages and system architecture to solve complex problems efficiently.

  • Web designer

    As a web designer, you'll combine technical skills and creativity to make visually stunning and functional websites. You’ll work with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, shaping user experience and meeting client and audience expectations. Whether freelancing or at a creative agency, your work will define how people interact online.

  • Network architect

    As a network architect, you’re the brain behind the digital infrastructure that connects businesses globally. You’ll build scalable, secure systems, designing networks capable of handling growing demands – whether you’re optimising cloud services, creating VPNs, or ensuring data security in an increasingly connected world.

  • Cloud architect

    Cloud architects design and manage the cloud infrastructure that modern businesses rely on. You'll make sure applications and services are scalable, reliable, and secure – supporting everything from daily operations to long-term digital transformation.

  • Computer hardware engineer

    Engineers create the physical components that drive tech forward. You’ll develop processors, memory devices, and circuitry, ensuring the latest software innovations run effectively. This role is critical in telecommunications, robotics, and aerospace industries.

Expected average salaries for computer science jobs

Your computer science skills will open opportunities in many different industries and roles. Find each job title and salary information* for different careers below.


    • Web developer: £34,496
      Lead practical projects to build functional, user-friendly, and visually appealing websites using front-end and back-end technologies.

    • Tech consultant: £44,366
      Provide expert advice on optimising an organisation’s technology systems. Assess IT infrastructure, recommend improvements, and help implement new technologies.

    • Software developer: £46,296
      Create application systems and software that users interact with daily. Write, test, and maintain code that meets functional and performance requirements. Find out how to become a software developer.

    • Cyber security analyst: £49,063
      Protect an organisation’s data and systems from cyber threats. Monitor networks, assess vulnerabilities, and implement security measures to prevent breaches. Find out more about pursuing a career in cyber security.

    • Data scientist: £61,706
      Examine large datasets to find patterns and trends using algorithms and mathematical models to help organisations make informed decisions.

    • AI engineer: £68,719
      Develop intelligent learning, decision-making, and automation systems, applying AI to robotics and natural language processing areas.

    • Network architect: £92,283
      Design and build communication networks, ensuring they are secure, scalable, and efficient for organisations.

    *Salary information from uk.indeed.com is correct as of October 2024.

Why study a computer science degree

Computer science graduates position themselves at the forefront of the digital revolution. Let’s explore 6 reasons why this field is not just relevant but essential:

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    1. High demand and skills gap
      The tech industry is booming, constantly needing fresh talent to fill the growing skills gap.
    2. Lucrative career prospects
      As a computer scientist, you'll have high employment rates and potential for significant earnings in different sectors.
    3. Diverse opportunities
      Your tech skills will be transferable across computer science fields, from software development to data management.
    4. Innovative challenges
      If complex problems and innovative solutions excite you, becoming a computer scientist offers endless opportunities to challenge and reward your drive.
    5. Making a real-world impact
      As tech continues to shape our future, your contributions can lead to meaningful changes in how we live, work, and interact.
    6. Continuous learning
      Tech evolves rapidly, ensuring you’ll always learn and grow, keeping your skills fresh and your career prospects bright.

Typical entry requirements

Specific course entry requirements will vary according to course level and degree provider. At Walbrook, our entry requirements offer flexible entry criteria to ensure nothing is beyond your reach.

Typical entry requirements usually include:

  • Previous qualifications

    A-levels or equivalent in mathematics, physics, or computer science.

    Postgraduate applicants typically need an undergraduate degree.

  • Mathematics skills

    Strong grasp of maths, including algebra and calculus, for core topics like algorithms.

    Knowledge of data systems and computational theory is often helpful.

  • Relevant experience

    Hands-on experience through internships or coding projects is highly beneficial.

    Practical exposure helps show your readiness for tech-related courses.

What similar subjects are there to computer science?

Computer science is just one part of a broad field that covers multiple specialised areas. Each discipline builds on foundational concepts like programming, algorithms, and data, but applies them differently.

Whether it’s creating software, protecting networks, or working with AI, these fields offer alternative paths that complement and enhance the scope of computer science.

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  • Cyber security

    As digital threats evolve, the need for experts in securing data and systems against cyber attacks grows. This specialised field demands a deep understanding of network security, encryption, and risk management, areas rooted in computer science fundamentals.

    Explore cyber security

  • Artificial intelligence

    AI represents the cutting-edge of computational innovation, with applications spanning every sector. This discipline leans heavily on algorithms, machine learning, and data analysis, showcasing the depth and versatility of computer science.
    Explore artificial intelligence

  • Data science

    Data science is about gleaning insights from large data sets. It combines elements of computer science and statistics. This field utilises programming skills and algorithmic thinking to tackle complex data problems, highlighting computer science’s role in driving data-driven decision-making.

    Explore data science

  • Software development

    Focused on the practical side of building and maintaining software, this field is integral to bringing digital solutions to life. It shares the core programming languages and system design principles with computer science.

    Explore software development

Study MSc Computer Science with Walbrook – online, flexible and career-focused

Thinking about your next move? Whether you want to build smart systems, defend digital infrastructure, or dive deep into data, our online MSc Computer Science degrees are designed to get you there.

Study full-time or part-time, from anywhere, and graduate with the skills employers want most.

Choose your path:

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FAQs about studying for a computer science degree

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